Payroll computer



Nov. 24, 1953 J. M. STANFORD 2,660,376

PAYROLL COMPUTER Filed April 30, 1952 2 Sheets,-Sheet 1 G 2055 PAY 55S. TAX

IN V EN TOR.

'uAMEs M. STANFORD BY 7 Malawi-J ATTY Nov. 24, 1953 J. M. STANFORD PAYROLL COMPUTER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 30, 1952 INVENTOR. JAMES M. STANFORD.

ATTY.

Patented Nov. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PAYROLL COMPUTER James M. Stanford, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

Application April 30, 1952', Serial No. 285,101

4 Claims. 1

The present invention relates in general to computing machines but more in particular to computing machines such as are adapted for use by payroll clerks in computing payrolls and the object of the invention is a new and improved machine of this character.

A special object of the invention is a payroll computer for use in making out weekly payrolls of employees paid by the hour, which is the most usual situation met with in industrial concerns. In operation of the machine in computing employees weekly pay, the number of hours worked and the rate per hour are set into the machine, also the number of exemptions to which the employee is entitled, whereupon the machine displays the amount of the gross pay, the amounts deducted for social security and withholding tax, and the amount of the net pay, which amounts are copied off on to the payroll by the operator.

Another object of the invention is a payroll computer of the character described in which the payroll data is embodied in a series of panels printed or otherwise depicted on a relatively long paper chart or tape carried on spools, and which includes a flexible motor drive by means of which any desired panel can be quickly'moved to reading position. Each panel corresponds to a particular number of hours worked and for which the employee is to be paid.

The invention and various features thereof will :3

be described more in detail hereinafter, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. i is a front view of a machine embodying the invention, as it appears to the operator;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine as seen from the right in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3,3, Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a partial section on the line 4-4, Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5-5, Fig; 1; Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showing the gear shifting knob and part of the gear shifting lever;

top, and front panel 15 arepreferably secured together in any suitable manner'and form a hous ing which is removably secured to the base [0 by a plurality of L-shaped brackets such as I! and screws such as 18, Fig. 3. The sloping front panel 16 is removably secured to the housing by means of a metallic strip I9 and a plurality of screws such as 20.

The relative dimensions of the casing may be substantially as shown, except that the length from left to right is somewhat greater than shown, as indicated by the break near the left hand end of Fig. 1.

As seen in Fig. 1, there is an opening in the sloping front panel l6 extending substantially from end to end thereof. The margin of this opening is recessed as shown in Fig. 4 and a pane of glass 22 is set in, forminga window through which the tape 2| bearing thepayroll indicia can be seen. The glass pane is held in'position by metallic strips 23 and 24 at the top and bottom, respectively, and the strips 25 and 26 at the ends. The upper strip is calibrated in accordance with rates per hour as shown, the numerals being impressed thereon in any suitable manner.

The reference character 21 indicates a horizontal slide which is mounted on a rod 28 by means of two cylindrical members 29 and 30. The slide 2'! may be. made of sheet metal and is soldered or otherwise secured to members 29 and 30, which are slidable on the rod 28. Supports 3| and 32 are provided by means of which the rod 28 is mounted on the panel 16 as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. A handle 33 is attached to member 36 to facilitate manual manipulation of the slide 21.

The slide 21 has a plurality of rectangular openings thereon, of which the upper opening is in alignment with the horizontal row of rate per hour numbers on the strip 23. As shown in Fig. '1, the slide is so positioned that the rate 1.95 is seen through the upper opening. By means of the handle 33 the slide may readily be moved to the right or left to select any other rate per hour. The other openings on the slide are associated with horizontal columns of numbers on the paper tape beneath the window and will be explained in connection therewith.

The reference character 34 indicates a vertical slide which may be made .of sheet metal and which is shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 4. The slide 34 extends across. slide 21 and its opposite ends are folded down and underneath the latter slide. At the left the slide 34 has a square opening through which one of the numerals. 1. 2, 3, etc.

on slide 21 may be seen while at the right it has a rectangular opening of the same size as the rectangular openings in slide 2'1. A bent up part 35 of slide 34 forms a handle by means of which it can be moved up or down along slide 21. A flat spring 36 is secured in suitable manner to slide 34 and presses lightly on slide 21. This spring serves to retain slide 34 in position after it has been adiusted to select one of the numerals l to 5 on slide 21.

The paper tape 2! is carried on s ools 40 and 4| which are supported on shafts 42 and 43, respectively. These shafts have bearings in the opposite ends I I and I2 of the casing and the spools are eoual in length to the length of the window in the front panel [6 of the casing. Rollers 46 and 41 are provided to guide the ta e beneath the window. These rollers are mounted on shafts which have hearin s in the end walls I I and i 2 of the casing, like the spool shafts 42 and 43. The tape is partly wound on spool 40 and passes from this spool over roller 46, beneath the window, over roller 41, and thence to spool 41 on which the remainder of the tape is wound.

The tape 2| has rather long blank lengths at opposite ends by means of which it is attached to the s ools and between these blank lengths it has a series of panels of precalculated payroll data. Each panel corresponds to a different number of hours paid and the panels are numbered acccrdingly. The panel which is seen through the window in Fig. 1 contains the payroll data for 40 hours paid and is so numbered at the right, the number 40 being marked on the panel in duplicate. Between the numbers there is an arrow which points to the index line 48 on the strip 26 at the end of the window. This index line is useful in accurately aligning the panels with the window.

Describing panel 40 briefly, the upper horisom tal column contains the amounts of gross pay and social security tax for the different rates per hour, as indicated on the slide 2?. The amount 78.00, for example, which is seen through the second opening from the top on slide 21 opposite the words Gross Pay is the product of the hourly rate 1.95 and 40. The amounts shown are in dollars. The amount shown for the social security tax, 1.17, is 1 per cent of the gross pay. The remaining five horizontal columns are numbered 1 to 5, respectively, on the slide 2! and contain the amounts of withholding tax and net pay calculated on the basis of one, two, three, four, and five exemptions. For example, the rectangle opposite the numeral 5, in accordance with which the vertical slide 34 is adjusted, shows 2.70 for the tax and 74.13 for the net pay. These are the correct amounts corresponding to a gross pay of 78.00 and in accordance with the income tax laws in effect on January 1, 1951.

In the drawing, Fig. 1, the columns are not completely filled out, but enough data is shown so that the operation can be explained, as will be done presently. It will be understood that when the social security or income tax rates are changed by law new paper tapes will have to be supplied to replace those in the machines in use.

The number of panels may be sufficient to take care of all except the most unusual pay situations. There may be, for example, 109 panels numbered 16, 16 1'7, 17 /2, etc. up to 70 and containing the payroll data for a like number of hours for which the employees are to be paid.

The width of the tape, or length of the panels, and the length of the machine from left to right as seen in Fig. 1 depends on the number of different rates per hour to provided for. As shown, the machine is designed to compute the pay for any rate ranging in steps of 5 cents from .75 per hour up to and including 2.39 per hour.

The panels may be divided into groups and the groups may be identified by a continuous colored strip 96, Fig. l which runs lengthwise of the tape along side of the panel numbers. This strip changes color every group and may be red in the first group, yellow in the second, etc. according to any desired color code.

The paper tape 21 can be moved lengthwise in either direction in order to position any desired panel behind the window. This movement is accomplished by winding the tape on one of the spools 49 or 4| and unwinding it from the other, the spools being driven by a motor mechanism which will now be described.

The reference character '50, Fig. 5, indicates a motor which may be a split phase capacitor type A. C. motor of about A; H. P. This motor is directly assembled to a variable speed transmission which is preferably of the type manufactured by Graham Transmissions, Inc. of Milwaukee, Wis. The details of the transmission are disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,535,409, granted December 26, 1950. The motor and transmission constitute a variable speed power unit which is mounted on the base Ill as shown in Figs. 3 and. 5.

The transmission 5| has an output shaft 52 the speed of which may be varied over a range from zero to several hundred R. P. M. The speed is adjusted by means of the lever 53 which is operated from in front of the machine by means of the knob 54. This knob is mounted on a shank which extends through the slot 55 in the front panel 15 of the casing and is threadedly connected to the end of lever 53. A spring 56 normally holds the lever 53 in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 5, in which position the speed of the output shaft is zero. Movement of the knob to the left starts rotation of the output shaft 52 and the maximum speed is reached by rotating the lever 53 through an angle of about degrees.

The reference character 51 indicates a micro switch which is suitably mounted on the transmission iii and is actuated by lever 53 in its normal or zero speed. position. This switch is held open by the lever and closes upon movement of the knob and lever to the left. The spring 56 is connected between the lever 53 and a member 58 fixed to the base H) and may be a rather light spring having only sufficient tension to reliably restore the lever 53.

The countershaft 50 is rotatably supported on the base lil by means of bearings (ii and 62 and is driven from the power unit Eli-5| by means of the pulleys t3 and 54 and the belt 65. The pinion 6% is mounted on the shaft 68 as shown.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 3, the gears 44 and 45 are mounted on the spool shafts 42 and 43, respectively, at the ends of the spools. The intermediate gear 67 is mounted on. the gear shifting lever 59 by means of a bearing stud B8.

The lever Bil is pivoted on the axis of the shaft M and for convenience may be rotatably mounted on this shaft as shown in the drawing. Gear 61 is in mesh with the pinion 66 and by operation of the lever 69 may be moved into mesh with either gear 44 or 45.

The lever 69 is operated by means of the knob in, which is pivotally mounted on the upper end of lever as shown in Fig. 6. The shank 14 of knob 10 extends through a curved slot in plate T1 secured tothe outside-cfend wall it of; the casing and through an aligned slot in the end wall, and inside the casing is- -threa'd'edly connected' to the rod H. The rod I is" welded or otherwise fixed to the block which: is disposed between the two ears: of the bracket 12f and is pivotally' supported thereon by'meansofthepivot. pin T6; Bracket 1-2 is rivetedv or otherwise sccuredto' the end of lever 69.

A seen in- Fig. 2, the curved slot-in plate 1:] has three semi-circular notches in itslower edge for receiving the shank of the knob 11!. The spring [3 is tensionedbetween the rod H and. a fixed pin on lever 69' and is effective to hold the shank I4 in: one or the other of these notches and thus prevent movement" of. lever 69 As shown in Fig. 3, the. intermediate gear 61' is in mesh with gear 45, while from Fig. 2 it can be seen that at this time the shank of. knob H1: is. in notch B1 of plate 11. thus prevented and gears 61 and 65 are held in mesh. In order to shift gears the. knob 1:0 is. raised slightly to move shank 134 out of notch 8!] and is then pushed forward as far as it will go. This: moves gear 61 out of mesh with gear 45 and into mesh with gear 44. When the knob. is released, spring 13 pulls the shank l4 down into notch 82, which again locks the lever 69 and keeps the: gears in mesh; The center notch BI is provided to hold the lever 69" in neutral position in which gear 61 is out of mesh with both gears: 44 and 45.

The spools 4.0 and 4! can also be rotated by means of the hand knobs 9.4 and- 95 which are mounted on shafts 42. and 43*, respectively, at the left hand end of the casing as shown in Fig. 1.

In. addition to shifting gears as described in the foregoing, the lever 69 operates the microswitches 84 and 85 which aremounted on thebase [0 as seen in Fig. 3. This is: accomplished by means of a resilientmetal strip 83 which is connected to the lower end of: the lever. The microswitches are normally open. When the gear shift leveris pulled back. to notch 80 the strip 83 closes switch 85 andwhen it i pushed forward to notch 82 the strip 83.closes switch 84.

The microswitches 84 and 85 and the microswitch 51 are included in the; circuit of the motor 50 which is shown in Fig. '7. The reference character' 86 indicates the main switch, Wi ich is preferably mounted on the front of the machine as shown in Fig. l where it is convenient to the operator. The conductors 81 and 88 are conductors of a cord terminating in a. plug which can be connected to a source of alternating current; V

When-the main switch 86 and micrcswitches- 51 and 85 are closed the motor 50 is started and runs in the proper direction to rotate the trans mission output shaft 52 in the direction of the arrow on pulley 63, Fig. 3, and pinion 66, gear 57, and gear 45 are driven in the directions which are indicated by arrows thereon. This drives the spool 4| in a counterclockwise direction as seen in Fig. 3, whereby the tape 2i is: wound up on spool 4| and unwound from spool 40. This Movement of lever 69' is 6. is. the condition which prevails; when ears 81' and 451' are in mesh as shown. in Fig. 3'... When. the; gear shift lever iszoperated to. shift gear: 61; into engagement with gear 44, switch 85- is openedand switch 8.4v is closed, and ii: the motonisthen started by closing switch 51 it runs inthe 031- posite. direction, driving gear 6.1: in. av counter clockwise direction. and: gear 44 in. a clockwise. direction and causing. the-tape 21 to, be wound on spool 49 and unwound from. spool 41. Thus; operation of. the gear shift lever automatically alters the motor circuit to cause it to run in the right direction when it is started.

In order to keep the tape taut. at all. times: the: spools 4i] and M. are provided with. brakes which may be of any suitable-type- A simple friction brake on each spool will suffice. However, a known type of automatic brake is shown in Fig; 3, which is sensitive to the direction in which the associated spool is. rotating and appliesua substantial retarding force only when the tapeis being unwound therefrom. The brake for spool 40 comprises a narrow brake drum onshaft. 42 between the end of the spool andthe end wall ii of the casing, a. lever 90 which is pivotally mounted on end wall H, and; a. brake band 9| which. passes around the brakev drum. and hasits opposite ends connected to: oppositev ends of the lever 90. A spring 92 is included in the connection at one end of the brake band and has suflicient tension to maintain the band in light frictional contact with the brake drum.

With the above described. arrangement it will. be seen that when spool 40 is rotated in a clockwise direction to wind. up the tape 2f the brake band will rotate lever 90 in a clockwise direction and due to the difference in the length of the lever arms the rotation of the lever will tend to loosen the brake band and prevent any substantial braking effect. When spool 40 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, on the other hand, due to unwinding of the tape therefrom, the rotation of lever 90 tends to tighten the brake band, which retards rotation of the spool sufliciently to keep the tape taut.

The spool 4| is equipped with a similar brake which is effective when the tape: is being unwound from the spool.

The invention having been described, the operation thereof in computing a pay-r011 will now be explained. For this purpose it may be assumed that the computer is resting on a table or desk in front of which the payroll clerk is seated in a position where he can readily read the panels on the tape through the window. The payroll sheet or sheets to be filled out are arranged conveniently in front of the machine. On these sheets the names of the. employees are already entered and opposite each name is shown in appropriate columns the rate per hour, the number of exemptions claimed and the number of hours worked and for which the employee is-to be paid. It may also be assumed that the computer is in the condition in which it is shown in thedrawings, that is, the main switch '86 and switch 51 are open, the gear shift knob is in its lower position and switch is closed. Panel" 40' is positioned. behind the window and is visible to the pay roll clerk as seen in Fig. l.

The main switch 85 may now be closed to sup ply current to the computer, The motor as does. not start, since switch 51 is open. The pay roll clerk may now start work with the first nameon. the list and notes, for example, that'the rate per hour is 1.75, that the employee is entitled to 2 exemptions, andthat 40 hours'were worked. "The horizontal slide 2'! is accordingly moved to the left until the numbers 1.75 appears in the upper opening, handle 33 being used for purpose. By means of handle 35 the vertical slide 34 is then moved upward until the figure 2 appears in the square opening at the left hand end of the slide. The clerk then notes that panel to, con taining the payroll data for hours work, already in position, and proceeds to copy the amount of gross pay, social security tax, withholding tax, and net pay into the proper col umns on the payroll sheet opposite the cro ployees name, the amounts being read off the tape through the labeled windows on slides 2'? and 34, as will readily be understood.

Proceeding now to the next name on the sheet, the clerk notes the rate per hour and the number of exemptions and readjusts slides 21' and 3:3 if

necessary. The number of hours worked is then noted and it will be assumed, for example, that this particular employee is to be paid for so hours. Panel 46 is located below panel. M- on the tape and acordingly the clerk grasps the gear shift knob 19 and moves the gear shift lever to its forward position, thereby moving gear iii out of mesh with gear and into mesh with gear 44. This operation also opens switch 65 and closes switch 84. The clerk then grasps the knob 54 and moves lever 53 to the left far enoug? to close switch 5'! and start the motor 59. The motor quickly comes up to speed but the output shaft 52 of transmission 51 rotates very slowly. as the transmission is barely out of its zero speed position. Rotation of shaft 5;! drives the counter-- shaft 60 and power is thus transmitted through pinion 6E, gear 61, and gear 44 to drive the spool in a clockwise direction, thereby winding the tape on spool 40 and unwinding it from spool M. The clerk watches the panel numbers they pass beneath the window at the Hours Paid end thereof and can increase the speed if desired by moving lever 53 farther to the left. In this case, however, the tape does not have very far to go and only a moderate increase in speed is advisable. As the desired panel 45 ap" proaches the window the speed is decreased by moving lever 53 to the right and the movement is stopped by fully restoring the lever in time to align the arrow on panel 45 with the index line 48 at the window. The clerk then copies the amount of gross pay, social security tax. with holding tax, and not pay from the tape on to the pay roll sheet as before.

It will be assumed now that after making the necessary adjustment of the slides for the next employee the payroll clerk finds that the employeeis to be paid for 20 hours. Since panel as is near the other end of the tape, the clerk shifts gears by means of knob 10, restoring the gear shift lever 69 and gear 61 to the position in which they are shown in Fig. 3. The clerk then moves lever 53 on the transmission to the left to start motor 50 and in this case, since the tape must be moved a considerable distance to bring panel 28 into position, the lever can safely be moved farther than before so as to drive the output shaft 52 of the transmission at a higher rate of speed. The spool AI is thus rotated at sufiicient speed to wind up the tape rapidly and bring panel 253 into position with a minimum of delay. The approach of the desired panel to the window is indicated to the clerk by the decreasing panel numbers as they pass the window in the Hours Paid column and the speed is reduced at the proper time so 8 that the motor can be stopped when the arrow on panel 20 is aligned with index line 18.

After copying on the payroll data for the employee for whom the machine has been adjusted, the clerk proceeds to the next employee and the operation proceeds in the manner described, the proper panel for the number of hours to be paid in each case being moved to position behind the window by means of the motor drive which is operated in either direction by means of the gear shifting mechanism.

The transmission 5| the output speed of which can be varied from zero to maximum speed by the lever 53, gives the pay roll clerk a very accurate control over movement of the tape, making it possible to quickly bring any desired panel into position. With some practice in the operation of the controls and familiarity with the distance between panels the clerk is able to use the maximum speed for satisfactory operation in each case, a relatively high speed in the case of a remote panel and a slow speed when. the tape has to be moved only a short distance, the speed always being reduced nearly to zero as the desired panel approaches the window, so that it can be stopped accurately with the arrow in alignment with the index mark.

The provision of the colored strip on the tape makes it possible for the clerk to identify a desired group of panels when the tape is being driven at a speed which is so high that it is difficult to read the panel numbers as they pass the window, and is useful when a remote panel is being moved to position.

In case the tape has to be moved only a very short distance in order to bring a desired panel into position, the clerk will find it convenient to use one of the hand knobs 94 or 95 to wind up the tape on spool 40 or 4| depending on the direction it has to be moved. For example, if panel 40 is in position behind the window and panel 4| is wanted it is a simple matter for the clerk to rotate spool 40 by means of knob 94 and wind up the tape far enough to bring panel 4| into position. This can be done with the machine in gear, but the operation is facilitated by first moving the gear shift lever to its neutral position. The knobs 94 and 95 are also useful for accurately aligning a desired panel in the case of an accidental overrun when the panel is moved to position by means of the motor drive.

It will be noted that although the lever 53 on the transmission is always restored manually in the normal operation of the machine, the restoration is assisted by the spring 56. This spring makes it impossible for the operator to accidentally leave the lever partly operated with the switch 5'! closed.

According to the modification shown in Fig. 8, the vertical slide 34 is replaced by a plurality of individually operated exemption slides which serve the same purpose but in a different way.

Explaining the modification briefly, the reference character I09 indicates a horizontal slide which is the same as slide 21, Fig. 1, except that it is provided with a plurality of thin raised ribs such as l 81 which form guides for a plurality of exemption slides such as I03, I04, and I05. It will be understood that there are five of these slides numbered from 1 to 5, although only three are shown.

The slide I05 is a flat metal strip which rests on slide I00 between two of the guides I01 and is secured by a fixed stud NH. The slide I05 is numbered at the right and normally covers the last opening on slide I90, this being the opening through which the payroll data for an employee having five exemptions is read. A slot 192 in slide I05 permits movement of the slide to the left to expose the opening beneath. Movement of the slide is brought about by inserting the pencil which the payroll clerk. is using in a shal low depression 266, after which the slide can readily be moved to the left or right, the stud IIJI sliding in slot I62.

The slides such as I95 are all normally in their right hand positions so that all the associated openings in slide I66 are closed. When the payroll data for an employee having four exemp tions is required, for example, the is moved to the left to the position in which it is shown in the drawing, thereby exposing the opening I08 through which the required is In case the next employee has three exempt instead of four, slide is restored and slide I03 is moved to the left, only one slide being in operated position at a time.

It will be seen from the foregoing that I have devised a useful and highly erhcient machine which makes it possible to compute payrolls with great accuracy and with a substantial saving in time over the methods heretofore in use.

While I have shown and described a specific embodyment of the invention, it will be under stood that this has been done for convenience in the explanation and that modifications may be made without departing from the principles involved. I do not therefore wish to be restricted to the exact form of the invention shown and described herein, but desire to include and have protected by Letters Patent all forms and modifications of my invention which come within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A payroll. computer comprising: a casing having a base, a front panel secured to and upstanding from said base, a window casing secured to the top edge of said front panel, a pair of side panels upstanding from said base and secured to opposite sides of said front panels; a pair of parallel spools extending transversely between said side panels and having their ends rotatably journaled therein, a pair of spur gears on corresponding ends of said spools and a pair of self-energizing brake bands secured about the ends of said spools opposite said spur gear mounting ends; an idler gear shift lever pivotally secured at its lower end to the lower portion of said casing; an idler gear rotatably journaled on said lever for alternate engagement with said spur gears; a variable speed reversible electric motor secured to said base, pulley and belt drive means drivingly connecting said motor to said idler gear and motor control mean secured to the front face of said front panel; a tape guide roller parallel to the lower edge of said window casing and journaled in said side panels, a tape guide roller parallel to the upper edge of said window casing and said first mentioned roller and journaled in said side panels; a pair of normally open switches placed in the electric motor circuit adapted to reverse the direction or" rotation of said motor; switch actuating finger intermediate said switches and secured at one end to said lever, finger being adapted to alternatively close said switches as said lever is pivoted to alternatively mesh said idler with said spur gears; and a threaded intermediate said guide rollers window casing and secured at opposit-e ends to spools for alternate winding thereupon.

2. The apparatus set forth in claim 1, whereby said tape has payroll data impressed thereupon and arranged in a series of consecutive panels, each panel corresponding to a different number of hours to be paid, said data being arranged in vertical and horizontal columns, said spools being mechanically rotatable by said motor and associated drive so as to bring any desired panel into reading position within said window casing, and means secured to said window casing for indicating any desired payroll data at the intersection of any vertical and horizontal column.

3. The apparatus set forth in claim 1, wherein side panel adjacent said lever has an arouate slot formed therein adjacent the arcuate path of the top end of said lever, the lower edge of said slot having a series of three notches therein, and the top end of said lever being adapted to be consecutively secured in said notches whereby said idler gear will be in meshed engagement with one of said spur gears when the top end of said lever is secured in one of the outermost notches and said idler gear will be disengaged from said spur gears when the top end of said lever is secured in the intermediate notch in said arcuate slot.

4. The apparatus set forth in claim 1, wherein corresponding ends of said spools project through the side panel in which they are journaled and are provided with hand knobs whereby the tape may be wound upon either spool independent of the electric motor driven mechanism.

JAMES M. STANFORD.

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